ArticleFrontiers in virtual reality2026
Co-designing meaningful extended reality for physical rehabilitation: a stakeholder-driven approach to embodied telehealth.
Article in Frontiers in virtual reality, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Extended Reality (XR) technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to redefine physical rehabilitation experiences through embodied telepresence and full-body motion tracking. Realizing meaningful XR in physical rehabilitation requires stakeholder input addressing remote embodied therapy's unique design challenges. Methods: This study presents one of the first stakeholder co-design workshops on embodied telehealth for physical rehabilitation, engaging participants [N = 24 total including ten clinicians, eight patients, three designers, and three engineers] across five focus groups with stakeholders from clinical, academic, and industry settings. Through structured usability testing and a four-axis framework analysis, we evaluated immersive Virtual Reality (VR) applications supporting synchronous clinician-led embodied appointments and asynchronous clinician-authored patient home exercise programs with full-body tracked avatars and biomechanical assessments. Results: Stakeholder feedback reinforced the need for embodied agency with adaptive input modalities for diverse patient needs, ensuring clinical authenticity through real-time full-body tracking for accurate movement correction and scaling interaction complexity from minimal interfaces for VR novices (78% of participants) to customizable clinical dashboards. Crossstakeholder prioritization identified minimalist XR interface navigation (19 votes) and flexible clinical assessment capabilities (17 votes) as the highest-priority design requirements, while exit surveys suggested high patient comfort (M = 4.50/5) and strong clinician adoption interest (M = 4.14/5). Discussion: We propose six design principles for meaningful XR telehealth in physical rehabilitation: 1) embodied guidance with real-time feedback, 2) progressive complexity with minimalist defaults, 3) adaptive accessibility through multi-modal input, 4) clinical authenticity via domain-specific assessments, 5) biomechanical precision for trust and safety, and 6) contextual onboarding to improve therapeutic competency. These findings offer design considerations for developing embodied XR telehealth systems that support sustained therapeutic engagement and meaningful rehabilitation outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.