ReviewComprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology2026
Testosterone in patients with borderline personality disorder: from hair analyses to social behavior.
Review in Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Clemens Kirschbaum provided the important inspiration for our team to extend the assessment of steroid hormones beyond blood and saliva samples to include hair analyses. This enabled the investigation of the effects of long-term, cumulative steroid hormone secretion. This novel methodological perspective provided particularly compelling for the study of long-lasting stress-related mental disorders, such as borderline personality disorder (BPD). In an initial study, we found unaltered hair cortisol but increased hair testosterone in women with BPD. Notably, the latter finding inspired us to further investigate the role of testosterone in this patient population. Across subsequent studies, we replicated the finding of increased basal testosterone in a large sample of patients with BPD and identified associations with prosocial behavior and symptom burden, particularly internalizing symptoms. The present paper reviews these and related findings of testosterone in BPD and discusses their clinical relevance and implications for further research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.