ArticleOphthalmology and therapy2026
Macular Pigment Changes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Without Diabetic Retinopathy.
Article in Ophthalmology and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06582472 (Early Retinal Neurodegeneration As Risk Factor, Biomarker and Pharmacological Target of Diabetic Retinopathy), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Retinal Neurodegeneration As Risk Factor, Biomarker and Pharmacological Target of Diabetic Retinopathy
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of vision impairment in developed countries. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) assessment provides a non-invasive method for evaluating in vivo changes in macular pigment. In this study, we investigated macular pigment alterations in eyes of patients with type 2 DM without clinically detectable DR using an autofluorescence-based MPOD (AF-MPOD) technique.
methodsThis was an observational, cross-sectional study including patients with type 2 DM without signs of DR and age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Confocal autofluorescence-based MPOD imaging was used to quantify macular pigment changes within the central 6.0° eccentricity. Retinal structural and microvascular alterations were also assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). The primary outcome measure was the quantitative assessment of AF-MPOD parameters. Secondary outcomes included the evaluation of OCT and OCTA alterations and the exploratory identification of distinct imaging phenotypes among diabetic patients.
resultsForty eyes from patients with type 2 DM and 40 control eyes were included. Eyes from patients with DM showed significantly reduced AF-MPOD parameters and lower OCTA vessel density compared with healthy control eyes (all adjusted p < 0.001). Inner retinal thinning was also observed. Glycemic control was inversely associated with AF-MPOD values and vessel density, whereas higher body mass index showed strong associations with AF-MPOD reduction. AF-MPOD parameters remained independently associated with OCTA-derived vascular metrics after multivariable adjustment.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that an early, interconnected neurovascular-metabolic retinal dysfunction may be detectable before the onset of clinically visible DR. AF-MPOD assessment may provide complementary imaging information on early retinal involvement in DM and warrants further validation in longitudinal studies. CLINICAL
trial registrationProtocol ID: PNRR-MAD-2022-12376008; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06582472.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.