Observational studyThe Journal of international medical research2026
Association between galectin-3 and echocardiographic changes in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective observational study.
Observational study in The Journal of international medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess the association between serum galectin-3 levels and echocardiographic changes in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 across different disease severities and stages, including the post- coronavirus disease 2019 period.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included 86 adults with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 who were treated at the First University Clinic of Tbilisi State Medical University. Patients were divided into four groups: moderate disease within the first week of symptom onset (n = 21), severe disease during weeks 2-3 (n = 20), critical illness not requiring mechanical ventilation (n = 20), and post- coronavirus disease 2019 status 2 months after infection (n = 25). Serum galectin-3 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all patients. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic variables were compared across groups, and associations with galectin-3 were assessed using Spearman rank correlations. Group comparisons were performed using independent-samples
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