Evidence mapPaperPMID 42571075Full record

Trial reportIranian journal of medical sciences2026

Empagliflozin's Effects on Carotid Ultrasound Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Post-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hadi Sabat Sani, Shalaleh Aghaei, Soroor Kalantari, Reza Madadi, Zahra Kalantari, Alireza Amir Maafi

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Iranian journal of medical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hadi Sabat SaniDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Shalaleh AghaeiStudent Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Soroor KalantariDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Reza MadadiDepartment of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Zahra KalantariDepartment of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Alireza Amir MaafiDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and recent ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) face accelerated atherosclerosis and a high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), particularly empagliflozin, offer proven cardioprotection in T2D. This study investigated the 3-month effects of empagliflozin on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and Doppler hemodynamic parameters (resistive index [RI] and pulsatility index [PI]) in T2D patients post-STEMI. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 80 patients with T2D and a recent STEMI from Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan, Iran (from July to December 2025), were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to empagliflozin 10 mg daily or an identical placebo, in addition to standard therapy. The primary endpoint was the change in CIMT at 3 months, assessed using B-mode ultrasound. Secondary endpoints included changes in RI and PI, measured via Doppler ultrasound. Results: Follow-up data were available for 78 patients (two deaths in the intervention arm, both unrelated to the study drug). In the primary intention-to-treat analysis (n=80), empagliflozin was associated with a significant reduction in left CIMT compared with controls (median change=-0.13 mm vs. -0.01; within-group P=0.002; between-group ΔCIMT P=0.004; ANCOVA-adjusted P<0.001) versus controls (-0.01 mm). A smaller though statistically significant difference was also observed for right CIMT (ΔCIMT, P=0.021; ANCOVA-adjusted P=0.006). These findings remained consistent in the per-protocol analysis. After Bonferroni correction, the reduction in left CIMT remained significant, whereas the effect on right CIMT became more modest. No significant changes were observed in RI or PI. Conclusion: Short-term empagliflozin suggested favorable changes in CIMT in high-risk T2D patients post-STEMI, without detectable effects on RI or PI.

Indexed as

Benzhydryl CompoundsCarotid Intima-Media ThicknessDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucosidesSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsST Elevation Myocardial InfarctionUltrasonography, Carotid ArteriesAgedFemaleHumansIranMaleMiddle AgedBenzhydryl CompoundsempagliflozinGlucosidesSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsCarotid intima-media thicknessDiabetes mellitusMyocardial infarctionSodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitorsUltrasonography

Identifiers

PMID42571075
PMCPMC13451477

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.