ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2026
Multi-level aggregation analysis of microbiome composition and host gene expression reveals associations with systemic and local immunity.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays a critical role in immune regulation, yet the molecular links between microbiome composition and host gene expression remain incompletely understood. We analyzed associations between host gene expression and microbiome composition in a cohort of 315 healthy individuals, integrating microarray-based gene expression data from three intestinal sites (ileum, transverse colon, and rectum) and six immune cell types with microbiome sequencing data. Using a hierarchical feature aggregation strategy combining principal component analysis, clustering, and covariate correction, we discovered significant associations primarily related to immunity. While microbial profiles were similar across the three intestinal sites, the transverse colon yielded the most "microbiome-host gene expression" associations. Among the immune cell types, CD8+ cells showed the highest number of associations. The first principal component of microbiome composition, reflecting a gradient from commensals (e.g.,
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