Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42576502›Full record

ArticleNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University2026

[

Yu Zhang, Kang Sun, Juda Liu, Shuhan Wang, Jing Pei

Abstract readEnglish Abstract
In one paragraph

Article in Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yu ZhangDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China.
Kang SunDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China.
Juda LiuDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China.
Shuhan WangDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China.
Jing PeiDepartment of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo explore the mechanism of

methodsA non-pregnant female SD rat model of mammary hyperplasia was established by intramuscular injections of estradiol benzoate (0.5 mg/kg) and progesterone (5 mg/kg). With untreated rats as the control group, the rat models were treated with saline (model group) or low-, medium- or high-dose XHG daily gavage, or with high-dose XHG plus oral administration of GS-444217. After the treatments, nipple height, diameter, and uterine index of the rats were measured, and histological changes in the mammary tissue were observed with HE staining. The expressions of Ki-67 and caspase-3 protein in the mammary tissue were detected using immunohistochemistry, and mammary epithelial cell apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining. Serum levels of E2, P, PRL, FSH, IL-1β, and TNF-α were detected using ELISA, and the expressions of ASK1/MKK4/JNK and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.

resultsCompared with the normal control rats, the rats in the model group showed significantly increased mammary diameter, nipple height, and uterine index with obvious acinar hyperplasia, ductal dilation, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the mammary tissue. The rat models also showed significantly increased Ki-67 expression and serum levels of E2, P, PRL, FSH, IL-1β and TNF-α, markedly increased Bcl-2 expression, and lowered protein levels of p-ASK1/ASK1, p-MKK4/MKK4, p-JNK/JNK, caspase-3, and Bax in the mammary tissue. Treatment with XHG significantly reversed these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with GS-444217 significantly attenuated the ameliorative effect of high-dose XHG on mammary hyperplasia in the rat models.

conclusionsXHG alleviates mammary hyperplasia in rats by promoting apoptosis of hyperplastic mammary epithelial cells

Indexed as

ApoptosisDrugs, Chinese HerbalEpithelial CellsMammary Glands, AnimalMAP Kinase Signaling SystemAnimalsFemaleHyperplasiaMAP Kinase Kinase 4MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5RatsRats, Sprague-DawleySignal TransductionDrugs, Chinese HerbalMAP Kinase Kinase 4MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5ASK1/MKK4/JNK pathwaycell apoptosisestrogenmammary gland hyperplasiaprogesteroneXiaohe Granule

Identifiers

PMID42576502
PMCPMC13458369

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.