Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42577570›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2026

Deep brain stimulation clinical trials: a framework to accelerate recruitment, retention, and technology translation.

Kara A Johnson, Nicole R Provenza, Sarah E Robinson Schwartz, Jun Yu, Amanda R Merner, Wolf-Julian Neumann, Sameer A Sheth, Joshua K Wong, Michael S Okun, Megan M Frankowski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kara A Johnson *Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Nicole R Provenza *Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
Sarah E Robinson SchwartzDivision of Translational Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Jun YuNorman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Amanda R MernerCenter for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Wolf-Julian NeumannWyss Center for Bio- and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland.
Sameer A ShethDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Joshua K WongNorman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Michael S OkunNorman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Megan M FrankowskiDivision of Translational Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Funding

Building Mood State Classifiers to Inform Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of Treatment-Resistant Bipolar DepressionUH3NS136631 · NINDS · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Wayne K Goodman, Jeffrey A. Herron · 2024 to 2026
$5.8M
Neurophysiological investigation of the approach-avoidance axis in OCD: applications to neuromodulationR01MH139889 · NIMH · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Nicole Renee Provenza · 2025 to 2026
$1.5M
Basal Ganglia Network Neurophysiology of Depression in Parkinson’s DiseaseK99NS137249 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI JOHNSON, KARA ANN · 2025 to 2025
$112k
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH139889NINDS NIH HHS K99 NS137249NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS136631
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clinical trials involving deep brain stimulation (DBS) are challenging to implement due to invasiveness and complexity of the therapy, substantial barriers to participant recruitment and retention, and difficulties translating emerging technologies into routine clinical practice. The 2023 Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies® (BRAIN) Workshop on Patient Recruitment in DBS Clinical Trials convened experts in clinical care, research, engineering, neuroethics, and device regulation to discuss barriers and facilitators related to recruitment, retention, and clinical translation of DBS technologies. The critical barriers to recruitment and retention included limited awareness and misinformation surrounding DBS, participant burden, and complex or inflexible trial protocols. Workshop participants identified several strategies to overcome these barriers, including improving public education, employing patient-centered study designs, engaging participants as equal stakeholders in the research, fostering partnerships with community organizations and referring clinicians, and reducing logistical, financial, and technological burdens associated with participation. Participants also identified barriers to broader clinical translation, including opaque pathways to regulatory approval and insurance coverage, access to specialized care, and adoption of new technologies. To overcome these challenges, participants emphasized the need for objective milestones, outcomes, and biomarkers, pragmatic study design, shared frameworks to support reimbursement efforts, and continued investment in multidisciplinary education and workforce development. Collectively, the workshop attendees concluded accelerating DBS innovation will require interdisciplinary collaborations among patients and patient advocates, community organizations, engineers, industry partners, researchers, clinicians, and regulatory stakeholders.

Indexed as

clinical trialsdeep brain stimulationneurologypsychiatrytranslation

Identifiers

PMID42577570
PMCPMC13454495

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.