ReviewCureus2026
Physiologic Recovery After Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review of Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Biomarker Changes.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains a major modifiable contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through mechanisms involving systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and hematologic abnormalities. Although the long-term cardiovascular benefits of smoking cessation are well-established, the temporal pattern of biologic recovery following cessation remains incompletely understood. This systematic review synthesized current evidence regarding the reversal of cardiovascular risk biomarkers after smoking cessation, with emphasis on the timing and magnitude of biomarker normalization. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL identified studies published between January 1990 and May 2024 evaluating biomarker changes following smoking abstinence. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, prospective clinical studies, and observational investigations involving adults who achieved smoking abstinence for at least seven days. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) instrument, and findings were synthesized narratively because of methodological heterogeneity. Ten studies comprising 2,750 participants met the inclusion criteria. Biomarker recovery followed a staged temporal pattern, with oxidative stress markers improving within one to two weeks, inflammatory biomarkers declining over approximately two to 12 weeks, and lipid and hematologic parameters improving more gradually over three to eight months. However, substantial heterogeneity in study design, cessation interventions, biomarker selection, and follow-up duration limited direct cross-study comparability. Adjunctive interventions, including antioxidant supplementation and exercise, appeared to enhance biomarker recovery in selected populations. Overall, smoking cessation was associated with progressive improvement in multiple cardiovascular risk pathways, supporting its critical role in cardiovascular prevention and highlighting the potential value of biomarker-guided approaches in future risk-reduction strategies.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.