Evidence mapPaperPMID 42579059Full record

ArticleJournal of thrombosis and thrombolysis2026

Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography for coronary lesion assessment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prakash Gupta, Roopeessh Vempati, Nader Alwifati, Joud Fahed, Mohammad Hamza, Asad Ur Rab, Ahmed Atef Mahmoud, Meet Patel, Ahmed Eisa, Marim Zoma and 12 more

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Prakash GuptaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Nepal.
Roopeessh VempatiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Trinity Health Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI, USA.
Nader AlwifatiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Raleigh General Hospital, Beckley, WV, USA.
Joud FahedDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mohammad HamzaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Guthrie Medical Group, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Asad Ur RabDepartment of Internal Medicine, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Ahmed Atef MahmoudDepartment of Internal Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
Meet PatelDepartment of Medicine, Government Medical College Surat, Surat, Gujarat, India.
Ahmed EisaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
Marim ZomaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Prami NakarmiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State University, Pontiac, MI, USA.
Muhammad BurhanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Mobeen Zaka HaiderDepartment of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Azka NaeemDepartment of Cardiology, St Francis hospital and Heart Centre, Roslyn, NY, USA.
Berke Cenktug KorucuInternal Medicine, Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, NY, USA.
Haidar HajehDepartment of Cardiology, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Shwetha GopalDepartment of Cardiology, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, USA.
Ahmed ZulaidDepartment of Medicine, Quaid e Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Ishaq KhouryDepartment of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Arhum MahmoodDepartment of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA.
Sai Pradsad RamchandranDepartment of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
M Chadi AlraiesDepartment of Cardiology, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA. alraies@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7874-4566

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Accurate anatomical assessment of coronary lesions is fundamental to effective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Conventional two-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (2D-QCA) is limited by projection dependency, vessel overlap, and foreshortening, leading to imprecise estimation of lesion severity. Three-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (3D-QCA), based on 3D reconstruction, provides more accurate vessel assessment than 2D analysis; however, its reported advantages remain inconsistent across studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central were searched from inception to October 2025 for studies comparing 3D-QCA with 2D-QCA using validated software. Random-effects models pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risk of bias was assessed using ROB-2 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Sixteen studies were included. Compared with 2D-QCA, 3D-QCA reported significantly longer lesion length (SMD 0.29; 95% CI 0.04-0.53) and larger minimal luminal area (SMD 0.36; 95% CI 0.07-0.65). Diameter stenosis (SMD - 0.28; 95% CI - 0.48 to - 0.07) and percent stenosis (SMD - 0.57; 95% CI - 0.95 to - 0.20) were lower with 3D-QCA. No significant differences were observed for bifurcation angle, minimal luminal diameter, reference vessel diameter, or reference vessel area. Moderate-to-high heterogeneity was observed across outcomes. 3D-QCA provides more precise anatomical characterization of coronary lesions than conventional 2D-QCA, particularly for lesion length and area-based metrics, supporting its role in improving PCI planning, while further outcome-driven studies are needed.

Indexed as

Coronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseasePercutaneous Coronary InterventionQuantitative Coronary AngiographyThree-Dimensional ImagingVascular Stenosis

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.