ArticleACS nano2026
Functionalizing Hydrogel Nanovials with Vesicles Mimicking Antigen-Presenting Vesicles and Cancer Exosomes Improves T Cell Capture and Activation.
Article in ACS nano, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Defining Functional T Cell Receptor Repertoires With Nanovial-Based Screening.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Cell assays in microcompartments driven by droplet microfluidics and hydrogel technologies.Journal of biochemistry · 2026Review
- Hydrogels in the Immune Context: In Vivo Applications for Modulating Immune Responses in Cancer Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent advances have demonstrated the application of microcavity-containing hydrogel microparticles, known as nanovials, for massively parallel and high-throughput screening of therapeutic T cell populations for adoptive cell therapies. Nanovial cavities coated with peptide-MHC (pMHC) or antigen tetramers selectively bind to their cognate T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to activate T cells and capture secreted cytokines. However, binding of tetramers or recombinantly expressed antigen by T cells may not reflect physiological T cell activation or cytotoxicity, as the binding interface is not fully representative of the natural immunological synapse formed between T cells and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Here, we leverage the recent discovery of an ESCRT- and ALIX-binding region (EABR) sequence to generate antigen-presenting vesicles and cancer-mimicking exosomes from standard HEK293T and Expi293F cell cultures. EABR-mediated vesicles present natural, full-length oncologically relevant membrane proteins embedded in lipid bilayers to functionalize the nanovial cavity with cell-like membranes. Hydrogel nanovials functionalized with the EABR-mediated vesicles show improved T cell capture of 1G4 T cells and enhanced induction of secretion in HER2 CAR-T cells compared to hydrogel surfaces functionalized with recombinantly expressed soluble proteins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.