Evidence mapPaperPMID 42581587Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2026

Epidemiological Characterizations and Diagnostic Strategies Variation in Parotid Gland Tumors (2010-2024): Observations Based on 2133 Cases.

Linwen Huang, Jiawei Pan, Lu Yang, Zhenyu Xu, Yunjun Yang, Weijun Huang, Zhifeng Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Linwen HuangDepartment of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
Jiawei PanDepartment of Information System, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
Lu YangInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Zhenyu XuDepartment of Radiology, Foshan Fuxing Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
Yunjun YangDepartment of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6908-663X
Weijun HuangDepartment of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
Zhifeng XuDepartment of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9198-9031

Funding

the Foshan 14th Five-Year Plan Key Discipline Foundation FSGSP145036the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation 2024A1515140147the Medical Research Subject of Foshan Health Bureau 20250004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo analyze epidemiological trends and diagnostic approaches for parotid gland tumors (PGTs) from 2010 to 2024 and predict future trends.

methodsA total of 2591 surgically and pathologically confirmed PGTs were reviewed. After excluding metastatic tumors, non-neoplastic lesions, hematolymphoid tumors, and other non-epithelial lesions, 2133 primary epithelial PGTs were included. Temporal trends in the benign-to-malignant ratio and the distribution of pathological subtypes were analyzed across five consecutive 3-year intervals. An autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model was employed to forecast future trends. The diagnostic performance of ultrasonography, CT, and MRI was subsequently evaluated.

resultsBenign tumors comprised 88.0% (n = 1876), with Warthin tumor (WT, 48.5%) surpassing pleomorphic adenoma (PA, 40.7%). Malignant tumors constituted 12.0% (n = 257), with mucoepidermoid carcinoma predominating (27.8%). The proportion of WTs increased over time and is projected to rise further, while malignant tumors are expected to reach a plateau at around 11%. WT was most common in older males (51-70 years), whereas PA predominated in females. MRI showed the highest sensitivity for malignancy (51%) but moderate specificity (81%). CT had a sensitivity of 39% and specificity of 87%. Ultrasound had high specificity (85%) but very low sensitivity (10%). Ultrasound use declined after 2019, while CT and MRI utilization increased.

conclusionThe histological landscape of PGTs has shifted, with WT now emerging as the most common benign neoplasm. While ultrasonography remains the primary imaging modality, CT and MRI are increasingly preferred due to their superior diagnostic accuracy.

Indexed as

AdenolymphomaAdenoma, PleomorphicCarcinoma, MucoepidermoidParotid NeoplasmsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedTomography, X-Ray ComputedUltrasonographyYoung Adultbenign tumorparotid gland tumorpleomorphic adenomaWarthin tumor

Identifiers

PMID42581587
PMCPMC13462309

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.