ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Immunological and inflammatory biomarkers of localized and locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Radiotherapy r5emains a cornerstone of treatment for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer, yet substantial heterogeneity persists in oncological outcomes and treatment-related toxicity. Increasing evidence suggests that systemic inflammation, immune microenvironment characteristics, and tumor-specific molecular features contribute to these variations and may provide clinically relevant biomarkers. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding immunological and inflammatory biomarkers in prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy, focusing on their biological rationale, prognostic significance, predictive potential, and clinical applicability. Circulating biomarkers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cytokines such as IL-6 and TGF-β1, have been associated with oncological outcomes and toxicity in several studies. However, their interpretation remains limited by biological nonspecificity, methodological heterogeneity, variable cutoff definitions, and lack of prospective validation. Within the tumor microenvironment, immune cell populations, including CD8
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