ArticleMolecular biology reports2026
Evaluation of gene markers invA, phsB, and tviA for detection of Salmonella Typhi by SYBR Green
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiseases caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi remain a major public health concern. Due to overlapping clinical symptoms and the limitations of diagnostic methods, distinguishing S. Typhi from S. Paratyphi (A, B, and C) is challenging. Delayed and inaccurate diagnoses increase the risk of complications and transmission, highlighting the need for rapid, reliable molecular markers. AIM OF STUDY: This study aimed to develop and validate gene-based molecular markers, using optimized PCR conditions, for the accurate identification of S. Typhi in clinical samples. METHODS AND
resultsPrimers targeting the invA, phsB, and tviA genes were designed and systematically assessed using conventional PCR to optimize thermal profiles and reaction conditions, followed by SYBR Green real-time PCR for rapid detection. Amplicon specificity was confirmed through gel electrophoresis, and invA amplicons were further validated by Sanger sequencing to confirm sequence conservation. The invA gene showed 90% amplification across all Salmonella isolates, confirming its reliability as a genus-level marker. Sanger sequencing verified the high conservation of the invA region. The phsB gene was amplified in 86.67% of S. Typhi isolates and 80% of S. Paratyphi isolates, indicating its potential as a phenotypic marker for H₂S production, a hallmark biochemical trait used to identify Salmonella. The tviA gene was detected in 86.67% of S. Typhi isolates and was absent in S. Paratyphi, validating its specificity for S. Typhi identification. Sequence alignment confirmed that the invA gene, encoding the InvA protein, is functionally conserved. The invA gene sequences of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi are available at NCBI under the accession no PV704246.1 and PV704247.1, respectively.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates that the invA, phsB, and tviA genes serve as effective molecular markers for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of S. Typhi.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42584516What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.