Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42585017›Full record

ArticleCell reports2026

Opposite network patterns of integration-segregation in psychedelic and sedated states of consciousness.

Rui Dai, Hyunwoo Jang, Anthony G Hudetz, Zirui Huang, George A Mashour

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rui DaiDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Hyunwoo JangDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Anthony G HudetzDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Zirui HuangDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: huangzu@med.umich.edu.
George A MashourDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: gmashour@med.umich.edu.

Funding

Neuroimaging of Anesthetic Modulation of Human ConsciousnessR01GM103894 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Zirui Huang, Anthony George Hudetz · 2013 to 2026
$4.0M
Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in the Control of Arousal StatesR01GM111293 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MASHOUR, GEORGE ALEXANDER, PAL, DINESH · 2015 to 2022
$2.6M
University of Michigan Anesthesiology Post-Doctoral Research Training ProgramT32GM103730 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Chad M Brummett, SACHIN KHETERPAL · 2014 to 2026
$1.9M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM103894NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM111293NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM103730
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the relationship of conscious states to large-scale brain dynamics remains a central challenge in neuroscience. Here, diverse pharmacological and physiological perturbations-including psychedelics, sleep, and propofol sedation-are used to examine integration-segregation organization of brain networks across altered states of consciousness in humans using functional MRI. Across analyses, psychedelic and sedative states exhibit a robust "mirror-image" pattern of integration and segregation. Psychedelics are characterized by increased large-scale integration and reduced segregation of brain network interactions, whereas sleep and propofol sedation show the opposite configuration. These divergent integration-segregation patterns are indexed by complementary measures of functional connectivity, network topology, and interaction complexity, capturing non-redundant dimensions of large-scale brain organization. Importantly, this mirror-image organization generalizes across multiple spatial levels and reliably differentiates conscious states through unbiased, data-driven methods. Together, these findings demonstrate that psychedelic and sedated states are characterized by systematic and opposite shifts in large-scale integration and segregation, with implications for mechanisms of consciousness.

Indexed as

anesthesiacomplexityconsciousnessCP: neurosciencefMRIfunctional connectivityintegrationpsychedelicssedationsegregationsleep

Identifiers

PMID42585017
PMCPMC13584462

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.