ArticleBrazilian dental journal2026
Influence of zinc-modified niobium nanoparticles incorporation in resinous monomers on mechanical properties.
Article in Brazilian dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the influence of the incorporation of different concentrations of zinc-modified niobium nanoparticles (Nb/Zn) on the mechanical properties of a flowable resin composite (OptiFlow II, LC/Pac-Dent) by surface hardness (SH), depth of cure (DoC), flexural strength (FS), and modulus of elasticity (E). The morphology and composition of Nb/Zn nanoparticles were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The Nb/Zn nanoparticles were incorporated at 3 different concentrations (0.3%; 0.6% e 0.9%), resulting in four groups: OptiFlowII, OptiFlow II+0.3%Nb/Zn, OptiFlow II+0.6%Nb/Zn, and OptiFlow II+0.9%Nb/Zn. SH was measured at the top and bottom of the specimens (n=6/group). FS and E were conducted using a Universal Testing Machine (Instron, 50N) (n=14/group). For SH, DoC, and FS, ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was used for statistical analyses, and for E, pairwise comparisons were conducted using a sandwich covariance matrix (p<0.05). The results showed that OptiFlow II+0.6%Nb/Zn exhibited the lowest top-SH values in all comparisons (p=0.003). Regarding DoC, the data indicated a significant difference between the groups with 0.3% and 0.6% Nb/Zn (p=0.04). For E, OptiFlow II+0.3%Nb/Zn presented higher values (E=3.48±0.15)a compared to OptiFlow II+0.6%Nb/Zn (E=3.3±0.18; p=0.02)b, OptiFlowII presented higher values (E=3.56±0.27)a than OptiFlow II+0.6%Nb/Zn (p=0.01) and OptiFlow II+0.9%Nb/Zn (E=3.3±0.27; p=0.02)b. Thus, the incorporation of Nb/Zn nanoparticles at different concentrations into the OptiFlow II affects its mechanical properties, without altering the depth of cure, but reducing flexural strength. The group with the lowest nanoparticle concentration showed E similar to that of the control group and higher than that of the higher-concentration groups. Overall, the incorporation of Nb/Zn nanoparticles influenced the mechanical behavior of the flowable resin composite. Lower concentrations performed similarly to the control, while higher levels impaired properties, highlighting the need for optimized nanoparticle loading.
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