Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42587055›Full record

ArticleNature materials2026

An inherent T cell-activating mRNA delivery carrier for in vivo CAR T generation.

Qiannan Cao, Yingli Yao, Wenming Zheng, Hongqian Liu, Mingxia Jiang, Dayang Xie, Siting Zhang, Pijun Su, Huilin Yuan, Xiaoyuan Chen and 2 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Twisting light the Weyl way.Nature materials · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Qiannan CaoCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Yingli YaoCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Wenming ZhengCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Hongqian LiuCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Mingxia JiangCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Dayang XieCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Siting ZhangCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Pijun SuCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Huilin YuanCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Xiaoyuan ChenCenter for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China. chen9647@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-0870
Huapan FangCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. hpfang@xmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-2196
Huayu TianCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. thy@xmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2482-3744

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 52433006National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 52473150
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy requires scalable, non-invasive strategies for in vivo T cell engineering. Although mRNA delivery offers a promising alternative, lipid-nanoparticle-based carriers show limited efficiency for in vivo T cell transfection and typically require antibody conjugation. Here we report an inherent T cell-activating polymer-lipid nanoparticle that enables ligand-free, efficient mRNA transfection and activation of T cells in vivo. This mRNA delivery vehicle, composed of p-toluenesulfonyl arginine (RT)-modified oligoethylenimine-based lipid nanoparticles (ERTLNPs), preferentially mediated mRNA transfection in the spleen following systemic administration. Without exogenous stimulation, ERTLNPs intrinsically activated T cells, triggering robust mRNA expression and proliferation. Mechanistically, ERTLNPs engaged the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling axis to reprogram T cell metabolism, promoting expansion and restraining exhaustion. The systemic delivery of mRNA encoding fibroblast activation protein CAR via ERTLNPs contributed to the in situ generation of functional CAR T cells, which efficiently eliminated pathological fibroblasts in models of cancer and fibrosis, with minimal off-target effects. This ligand-free, metabolically reprogramming mRNA delivery system provides a clinically translatable approach for in vivo CAR T cell generation.

Identifiers

PMID42587055

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.