Evidence mapPaperPMID 42587729Full record

SynthesisCells2026

Metabolic Reversal of Functional Hypogonadism? GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Male Reproductive Endocrinology-A Systematic Review.

Zakhi Zafrani, Sarah Suleman Khan, Michael Zitzmann

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Cells, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Zakhi ZafraniIndependent Researcher, Manchester SK8 6HD, UK.ORCID 0009-0006-7810-1276
Sarah Suleman KhanIndependent Researcher, Manchester SK8 6HD, UK.
Michael ZitzmannDepartment of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Munster, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTestosterone deficiency is highly prevalent in men with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and often reflects functional suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely used in these conditions, but their effects on male reproductive endocrinology remain incompletely defined.

objectiveTo systematically review the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on testosterone, HPG axis hormones, and male reproductive outcomes.

methodsA systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched (January 2021-January 2026) for studies evaluating GLP-1 RA therapy in adult men with reported endocrine or reproductive outcomes.

resultsEight studies met inclusion criteria, including one randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial and six observational or interventional studies. In men with obesity, type 2 diabetes, or functional hypogonadism, GLP-1 RAs were associated with modest increases in testosterone and improvements in erectile function or selected semen parameters. In contrast, a placebo-controlled trial in healthy eugonadal men showed no significant endocrine or reproductive effects. Responses appeared dependent on baseline metabolic status.

conclusionsGLP-1 RAs are associated with improvements in male reproductive endocrinology in metabolically compromised populations with metabolic hypogonadism while remaining neutral in healthy individuals. Larger prospective studies are needed.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypogonadismReproductionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansHypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal AxisMaleObesityTestosteroneGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsTestosteronefunctional hypogonadismGLP-1 receptor agonistsmale reproductive endocrinologymetabolic healthobesitytestosterone deficiency

Identifiers

PMID42587729
PMCPMC13464801

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.