ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Gene Expression and Cryosurvival of In Vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
Heat stress negatively affects bovine fertility and embryonic development, while cryopreservation imposes additional cellular stress that may impair embryo survival. The present study investigated whether controlled heat treatment applied during the early morula stage could influence subsequent blastocyst development, molecular stress responses, and post-thaw survival of bovine embryos. In vitro-produced bovine embryos were exposed to controlled thermal treatment involving gradual elevation in temperature from 38.8 °C to 40.0 °C followed by subsequent cooling. Blastocyst formation, post-thaw survival after slow freezing, and the expression of stress-associated genes and microRNAs were evaluated. Heat treatment did not significantly affect blastocyst formation rates or post-thaw embryo survival compared to the control groups. However, significant alterations in the expression of stress-associated markers were observed. The expression of HSP90AA1 and HSPB11 was significantly reduced following heat treatment, while cryopreservation induced increased expression of these markers compared to embryos exposed only to heat treatment. Significant alterations were also detected in the expression of several stress-associated microRNAs. These findings suggest that controlled heat exposure during the morula stage may induce molecular changes associated with the embryonic response to heat stress without compromising developmental competence or cryosurvival. The results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying embryonic responses to thermal and cryogenic stress and may support future optimization of embryo production and cryopreservation strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.