Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42588928›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026

Comparative Analysis of Growth and Feeding Behavior in Four Chinese Indigenous Pig Breeds.

Yu Chen, Xiaogang Zhao, Ji Zhu, Yingying Liu, Xionggui Hu, Huibo Ren, Huali Li, Lihua Cao, Qingming Cui, Yuan Deng and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yu ChenHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3948-0788
Xiaogang ZhaoHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Ji ZhuHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Yingying LiuHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1566-6943
Xionggui HuHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Huibo RenHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Huali LiHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Lihua CaoHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Qingming CuiHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Yuan DengHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Weimin JiangHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Yinglin PengHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
Chen ChenHunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1088-1414

Funding

Hunan Province Swine Industry Technology System HARS-05Open Research Fund of Hunan Province Key Laboratory 2017TP1030Yuelushan Laboratory 2025RC2094Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Program YLS-2025-ZY01002Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Program YLS-2025-ZY04051
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Indigenous pig breeds in China possess distinct biological characteristics, yet their growth dynamics and feeding behaviors remain inadequately characterized. This study compared growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feeding behavior in four Hunan indigenous pig breeds, Dongshan (DS), Longtan (LT), Pushi (PS), and Taoyuan (TY), during the fattening stage (approximately 50-90 kg, over 60 days). Automated feeding stations were used to continuously monitor body weight, feed intake, and feeding behavior over 60 days in 48 pigs (12 per breed). Linear mixed model and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) were employed to analyze growth trajectories, FCR dynamics, and temporal feeding patterns. The PS breed exhibited the highest daily gain (0.785 kg/day) and lowest FCR (3.98), whereas the DS breed showed the poorest feed efficiency (FCR 4.83). GAMM revealed significant non-linear changes in FCR and feeding rate across growth stages, with breed-specific critical windows of divergence. Notably, the TY breed achieved comparable growth to DS and LT with superior feed efficiency, suggesting adaptive metabolic characteristics. Diurnal feeding rhythms were conserved across breeds, despite marked differences in absolute feeding rates. These findings provide a fundamental database for precision feeding management and genetic improvement of indigenous pig breeds.

Indexed as

feed conversion ratiofeeding behaviorgeneralized additive mixed modelgrowth performanceindigenous pig breeds

Identifiers

PMID42588928
PMCPMC13463568

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.