ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Heat Shock Proteins and Exercise in Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance: Protective Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of conserved molecular chaperons present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, playing a crucial role in maintaining cellular proteostasis and enhancing stress resilience. HSPs have a multitude of roles in regulating cell signaling transduction, antioxidant defenses, apoptosis, and protein folding, thereby contributing to overall cellular homeostasis. Insulin resistance is characterized by elevated oxidative stress, dysregulated pro-inflammatory signaling, and impaired cellular stress response, ultimately leading to deficient glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Many studies have illustrated the benefits of exercise in improving insulin resistance and reducing the risk of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes. Habitual exercise and lifestyle modifications have been shown to activate heat shock response, enhancing HSP70 expression and promoting cellular adaptations that protect against metabolic dysfunction. However, the link between HSPs, particularly HSP70, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance remains complex and not fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic pathways by which HSP70 modulates insulin resistance, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle. Additionally, we discuss the protective effects of exercise-induced HSP70 expression and its potential as a therapeutic target for improving insulin sensitivity and metabolic health.
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