ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
The Gut-Brain Axis in Metabolic Syndrome: Emerging Mechanisms and Perspectives in Personalized Medicine.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose metabolism, significantly increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence highlights the important role of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of MetS through complex interactions between the gut microbiota, immune system, endocrine signaling, and host genetics. This narrative review provides an integrative overview of the mechanisms linking dysbiosis to metabolic dysfunction, with particular emphasis on gut microbiota alterations, intestinal permeability, chronic low-grade inflammation, and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides. The review also discusses the neural, endocrine, and immune pathways involved in gut-brain communication, including the role of gut-derived neurotransmitters in metabolic regulation. In addition, the contribution of host genetic susceptibility and epigenetic regulation is explored, highlighting how gene-microbiome interactions influence individual metabolic responses and disease risk. Recent advances in multi-omics technologies and precision medicine suggest that personalized approaches targeting both microbial and genetic factors may improve prevention and treatment strategies for MetS. Furthermore, microbiota-targeted interventions, including dietary modifications, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are discussed as emerging therapeutic perspectives. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of considering MetS as a systemic disorder driven by interconnected biological networks involving microbiota, metabolism, immunity, and genetics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.