Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42589678›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

The Possible Association Between Bisphenol A (BPA) and the Neuropathological Processes Characteristic of Alzheimer's Disease-A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Marta Żebrowska-Gamdzyk, Mateusz Maciejczyk

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Marta Żebrowska-GamdzykFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, Akademicka Street 14, 18-499 Lomza, Poland.
Mateusz MaciejczykFaculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5609-3187

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental endocrine-disrupting compound whose potential neurotoxicity is attracting increasing interest. A growing body of evidence suggests a possible link between BPA exposure and neurodegenerative processes; however, comprehensive analyses of its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available scientific evidence regarding the association between BPA exposure and Alzheimer's disease. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to 23 July 2026. Original research articles and meta-analyses published in English were included, covering studies in humans and animal models that analyzed the effects of BPA on Alzheimer's disease or related mechanisms. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E and SYRCLE tools. Of the 70 publications identified, 12 studies were included in the analysis. Most data came from in vivo and in vitro studies, and one study was clinical in nature (autopsy-based). The findings indicate that BPA exposure is associated with cognitive dysfunction, increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, amyloid-β accumulation, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Identified mechanisms included, among others, disturbances in insulin signaling, activation of the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Eighty percent of the studies were rated as having good methodological quality. The analysis was limited by study heterogeneity, the small number of clinical studies, and the inability to perform a meta-analysis. The predominance of animal models and the use of high BPA doses hinder the direct extrapolation of the results to the human population. The available evidence suggests a possible association between BPA exposure and neuropathological processes characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. However, further well-designed epidemiological studies are needed to assess the impact of long-term, low-dose BPA exposure on the risk of developing AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBenzhydryl CompoundsEndocrine DisruptorsPhenolsAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsBisphenol A CompoundsHumansOxidative Stresstau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesBenzhydryl Compoundsbisphenol ABisphenol A CompoundsEndocrine DisruptorsPhenolstau ProteinsAlzheimer diseasebisphenol-ABPAneurodegenerative processes

Identifiers

PMID42589678
PMCPMC13467518

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.