SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on body composition and potential sarcopenia-related outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Although Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors provide substantial cardiovascular and renal benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), their effects on sarcopenia-related body composition outcomes remain uncertain. Methods: Eight databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling adults with T2DM that compared SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo or other glucose-lowering therapies, with a minimum follow-up of 12 weeks. A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted. Primary outcomes were skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and lean mass (LM). Secondary outcomes included fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (PBF), visceral and subcutaneous fat, anthropometric measures, and safety outcomes. Results: Thirty-three RCTs involving 5,399 participants were included. No SGLT2 inhibitor significantly reduced SMM compared with placebo (all 95% confidence intervals crossed zero). For LM, empagliflozin (mean difference [MD] -1.22 kg, 95% CI -1.71 to -0.72), ipragliflozin (MD -0.99 kg, 95% CI -1.45 to -0.54), and canagliflozin (MD -0.80 kg, 95% CI -1.39 to -0.21) were associated with modest reductions in LM compared with placebo, whereas dapagliflozin and tofogliflozin showed neutral effects. In contrast, SGLT2 inhibitors consistently reduced FM (e.g., dapagliflozin MD -1.75 kg, 95% CI -2.63 to -0.87), PBF, visceral and subcutaneous fat, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Safety analyses were limited by sparse networks and should be interpreted cautiously. Conclusion: In adults with T2DM, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce adiposity without clear evidence of clinically meaningful reductions in SMM. However, because muscle strength and physical performance outcomes were rarely reported, the current evidence is insufficient to determine the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on sarcopenia risk. Findings for LM should be interpreted cautiously, as LM does not directly reflect muscle mass. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420261379719.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.