Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42593649›Full record

ReviewOphthalmology and therapy2026

Wnt Pathway Agonism as a Therapeutic Strategy for Retinal Vascular Diseases: A Narrative Review of Evidence to Date.

Stephane Angers, Charles C Wykoff, David A Antonetti, Harald J Junge, Eric Nudleman, Aaron Nagiel, Patricio G Schlottmann, Donald J D'Amico, Jonathan Prenner, David R Guyer and 7 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Ophthalmology and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Stephane AngersDonnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research and Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Charles C WykoffRetina Consultants of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
David A AntonettiDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Harald J JungeDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Eric NudlemanShiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Aaron NagielDepartment of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Patricio G SchlottmannCharles Research Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Donald J D'AmicoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Jonathan PrennerRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
David R GuyerEyeBiotech Limited, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
Charles G MillerEyeBiotech Limited, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
Keith BakerEyeBiotech Limited, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
Paul StephensEyeBiotech Limited, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
Erin HenryMerck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
Hans RekersMerck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
Anthony P AdamisEyeBiotech Limited, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
Yin Shan Eric NgEyeBiotech Limited, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA. e.ng@eyebiotech.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4982-1999

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is implicated in many blinding retinal diseases, including diabetic macular edema, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and retinal vein occlusion. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies or laser photocoagulation are currently the standard of care for retinal diseases that are characterized by breakdown of the vascular barrier function and vascular hyperpermeability. However, inadequate response to anti-VEGF therapy is seen in a substantial proportion of patients and laser photocoagulation does not restore vision loss and can lead to collateral damage of the retina. Thus, new therapeutic targets are needed. The β-catenin-dependent wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway plays a critical role in inner BRB development and maintenance. There are several potential therapeutics for retinal vascular diseases targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway under investigation, including several in preclinical development and one (MK-3000; also known as Restoret and formerly EYE103) with early clinical trial results advancing to late-stage clinical development. In this narrative review we examine the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in inner BRB maintenance and in retinal vascular diseases, as well as the potential for Wnt pathway agonism as a therapeutic approach.

Indexed as

Blood-retinal barrierDiabetic macular edemaNeovascular age-related macular degenerationNorrinRetinal vein occlusion

Identifiers

PMID42593649
PMCPMC13546303

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.