ArticleThe Psychiatric quarterly2026
Optimal 24-Hour Sleep Duration and Depression Risk in Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly: A Machine Learning and RCS Analysis of Nonlinear Associations.
Article in The Psychiatric quarterly, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the relationship between sleep (nocturnal sleep and total 24-hour sleep) and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). STUDY
designCross-sectional study.
methodsA total of 13,718 middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2020) were included. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between sleep and depressive symptoms, and a random forest model was used to rank the importance of variables. Furthermore, the nonlinear relationship between sleep duration and depressive symptoms risk was fitted using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model.
resultsCompared with the group with 24-hour sleep duration of > 7 to ≤ 9 h, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for depressive symptoms in the group with 24-hour sleep duration of ≤ 7 h (OR = 1.649) and > 9 h (OR = 1.166) was higher. Random forest results showed that total 24-hour sleep ranked above average among variables affecting depressive symptoms. The RCS curve showed that a total 24-hour sleep time of > 7 to ≤ 9 h was associated with the lowest adjusted odds for depressive symptoms.
conclusionsThere is a significant correlation between sleep duration and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people. Those who slept > 7 to ≤ 9 h per night had a lower incidence of depressive symptoms, and total 24-hour sleep of > 7 to ≤ 9 h showed a stronger OR value. Life satisfaction also emerged as an important factor influencing depressive symptoms.
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