ArticleJournal of medicinal chemistry2026
From 2D to 3D Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived Organoids (PDOs) and In Vivo Models: Copper(II) Complexes as Promising New Antitumor Agents.
Article in Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Two copper(II) complexes, (1) [CuCl2(tmp-terpy)] and (2) {[CuCl(tmp-terpy)]·PF6}n, (tmp-terpy-4'-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) were designed, characterized, and evaluated for cytotoxicity in 2D human cell models (HCT116, HCT116-DoxR, and in normal primary fibroblasts), and 3D colorectal cancer (CRC) spheroids and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Both complexes demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects, alone and in combination with the FOLFOX (FF), across all 3D models. Importantly, the cytotoxic effects of complex 1 were significantly more pronounced in tumor-derived PDOs than in normal tissue-derived PDOs. Complex 1 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, triggering intrinsic apoptosis and autophagy, consistent with a multimodal anticancer mechanism. It also exerted a cytostatic effect, as shown by delayed cell-cycle progression, and antiangiogenic activity in vivo without systemic toxicity. Notably, cotreatment of complex 1 with FF significantly potentiated cytotoxicity in 3D tumor spheroids and PDOs tumor-derived-PDOs. [CuCl2(tmp-terpy)] alone or in combination with the FF regimen warrants further evaluation in advanced preclinical models.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.