Evidence mapPaperPMID 42594121Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of temporomandibular disorder: A nationwide population-based study.

Tsung-Fu Chang, Ling-Yu Kung, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Dun-Yu Hsu, Tsu-Hsuan Weng, Gunng-Shinng Chen, Li Chyun Yeh, Wu-Chien Chien

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tsung-Fu ChangDivision of Oral Diagnosis and Family Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanRepublic of China.
Ling-Yu KungDivision of Oral Diagnosis and Family Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanRepublic of China.
Chi-Hsiang ChungSchool of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanRepublic of China.
Dun-Yu HsuDivision of Oral Diagnosis and Family Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanRepublic of China.
Tsu-Hsuan WengDepartment of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanRepublic of China.
Gunng-Shinng ChenSchool of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanRepublic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8139-8475
Li Chyun YehDepartment of Nursing, University of Kang-Ning, Taipei, TaiwanRepublic of China.
Wu-Chien ChienSchool of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanRepublic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated the association between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) and the potential risk factors of TMD using data from Taiwan's Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database. A cohort of 201,465 individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 805,860 matched non-DM controls was observed from 2000 to 2015. To evaluate the risk factors associated with the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted. The Kaplan-Meier method, along with the log-rank test, was applied to assess the cumulative incidence of TMD among DM patients. Results from the Cox analysis indicated that having DM significantly increased the likelihood of developing TMD (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.543; p < 0.001). Furthermore, DM patients who also had rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis faced an even higher risk, being 4.289 and 4.021 times more likely, respectively, to develop TMD compared to those without these comorbidities (p < 0.001). Patients with DM had 2.543 times the probability of experiencing TMD events than patients without DM. Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis were associated with the highest and second highest risk of patients with DM subsequently developing TMD. Our results provide crucial indications to prevent TMD in patients with DM and improve their quality of life.

Indexed as

Diabetes ComplicationsDiabetes MellitusTemporomandibular Joint DisordersAdultAgedArthritis, RheumatoidCase-Control StudiesComorbidityFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsSpondylitis, Ankylosing

Identifiers

PMID42594121
PMCPMC13472446

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.