ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2026
Biomarker-calibrated dietary macronutrient densities and their comparative associations with chronic disease risk in a cohort of postmenopausal females.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00000611 (Women's Health Initiative), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Women's Health Initiative (WHI)
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14 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAssociations between dietary macronutrient composition and risk of major chronic diseases remain uncertain, partly because of reliance on self-reported dietary intake.
objectivesTo make comparisons among biomarker-calibrated dietary macronutrient densities and risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, and type-2 diabetes (T2D) over long-term follow-up in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohorts of postmenopausal United States females.
methodsBiomarker-based intake estimates from serum and 24-h urine metabolomic profiles were calculated for macronutrient component densities in a WHI Nutrition and Physical Activity Assessment Study (n = 436). These values were regressed linearly on corresponding food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) density estimates and participant characteristics to produce calibration equations that adjust FFQ estimates for random and systematic measurement error. Biomarker-calibrated dietary density estimates were calculated in larger WHI cohorts (n = 82,121). Hazard ratio (HR) methods were used to prospectively relate both biomarker-calibrated intake assessments and, separately, FFQ assessments to chronic disease risk.
resultsCalibration equations meeting an adjusted R
conclusionsCompared with other macronutrient sources, risk may be elevated for CAD at higher SFA density, for breast cancer at higher PUFA density, and for T2D risk at higher SFA, PUFA, and protein densities, among postmenopausal United States females. This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier as NCT00000611 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00000611).
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