Evidence mapPaperPMID 42595860Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Quantitative evaluation of coloration and functionalization efficiency for surface modification of regenerated cellulose fabrics.

Rania Rashad Tawakol Gaafer, Heba A Ameen, Heba Tolla El Sayed Abo El Naga, Manar Y Abd El-Aziz, Basma M Eid

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rania Rashad Tawakol GaaferSpinning and Weaving Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.
Heba A AmeenChemical Metrology Division, Materials Testing and Surface Chemical Analysis Lab, National Institute of Standards (NIS), Giza, Egypt.
Heba Tolla El Sayed Abo El NagaSpinning and Weaving Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.
Manar Y Abd El-AzizClothing and Knitting Industrial Research Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St. (Former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Basma M EidTextile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt. basmaeid@yahoo.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-777X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Globally, the ever-growing demand for sustainable, functionalized cellulosic textile fabrics has increased, steering interest towards a new generation of eco-friendly regenerated cellulosic fibers. In this study, sustainable dyed and multi-functionalized Tencel and bamboo fabrics were developed via eco-friendly surface modification, followed by dyeing with natural dyes in the presence or absence of essential oils to fabricate multi-functionalized cellulosic dyeings in a single step. First, Tencel and Bamboo fabrics were modified using biopolymers, namely gelatin (10 g/L) /β-cyclodextrin (7 g/L) in the presence of citric acid/sodium hypophosphite as an environmentally benign crosslinking system via a pad-dry-cure technique. Subsequently, the pre-modified fabrics were dyed with turmeric dye or Natural Brown 6 dye with or without essential oils, namely clove, cinnamon, and tulsi (20 g/L). FT-IR analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, along with quantitative and qualitative evaluations, were performed. The results obtained revealed a significant improvement in antibacterial activity with bacterial reduction percentages exceeding 90%. In addition, excellent ultraviolet protection properties were achieved. The integration of natural dyes and essential oils within the biopolymers resulted in durable coloration, improved functionality, and enhanced performance properties while maintaining air permeability within a reasonable range. The developed approach represents an environmentally benign and effective strategy for producing added-value sustainable textiles with combined aesthetic and protective functionality.

Indexed as

CelluloseColoring AgentsTextilesAnti-Bacterial Agentsbeta-CyclodextrinsColorGelatinMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningOils, VolatileSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredSurface PropertiesAnti-Bacterial Agentsbeta-CyclodextrinsCelluloseColoring AgentsGelatinOils, VolatileCombined dyeing and finishingFunctional finishingNatural dyesSustainable surface modificationTencel and bamboo fabrics

Identifiers

PMID42595860

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.