Evidence mapPaperPMID 42596701Full record

ReviewMovement disorders clinical practice2026

Exercise and Motor Complications in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Priscila Nóbrega-Sousa, Lucas H C C Santos, Jane Alty, Peter Humburg, Kim Delbaere, Paulo H S Pelicioni

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In one paragraph

Review in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Priscila Nóbrega-SousaSchool of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-0161
Lucas H C C SantosMasters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-1204
Jane AltyWicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-8676
Peter HumburgStats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-6496
Kim DelbaereSchool of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Paulo H S PelicioniSchool of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3168-3388

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLevodopa remains the most effective pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but long-term use commonly leads to motor complications such as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) and motor fluctuations, significantly contributing to disability. Exercise is well-established for improving motor and non-motor symptoms in PD; however, its effect on motor complications remains unclear.

objectiveTo determine whether exercise reduces motor complications in people with PD.

methodsSystematic searches were conducted in five databases. Eligible randomized controlled trials assessed motor complications pre- and post- exercise intervention using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale IV (UPDRS IV) or its modified version were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Studies rated as good quality and reporting sufficient outcome data were included in a random-effects meta-analysis. Meta-regression analyses explored potential moderating effects of medication status (on/off) and control group type (active/passive).

resultsTwenty-three studies were included; 14 were rated as good quality, of which 11 provided sufficient data for meta-analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 11 to 125 participants, and interventions varied in type, intensity and duration. Meta-analysis showed no significant effect of exercise on motor complications. Meta-regression analyses showed no moderating effect of medication status or control group type.

conclusionsCurrent evidence does not support an effect of exercise on LID or motor fluctuations in PD. These findings should be interpreted with caution, given the low baseline severity of motor complications (UPDRS IV 3.47), small sample sizes, heterogeneity of interventions, and the absence of trials specifically designed to target motor complications.

Indexed as

dystonialevodopa‐induced dyskinesiamotor fluctuationparkinsonismphysical activity

Identifiers

PMID42596701

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.