Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42597283›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Mental health impacts of anti-trans stigma on transgender people in Australia: a mixed-methods study.

Sav Zwickl, Sasha Bailey, Rin Chan, Shalem Y Leemaqz, Joel Murray, Stevie Lane, Foster Skewis, Julian Grace, Eli Ward-Smith, Tomi Ruggles and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Sav ZwicklDepartment of Medicine, Trans Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Naarm/Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Sasha BaileyDepartment of Medicine, Trans Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Naarm/Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Rin ChanDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Naarm/Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Shalem Y LeemaqzCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Tarndanya/Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Joel MurrayNeophile, Wiradjuri/Albury, NSW, Australia.
Stevie LaneAccess and Equity, Edith Cowan University, Boorloo/Perth, WA, Australia.
Foster SkewisDepartment of Medicine, Trans Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Naarm/Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Julian GraceDepartment of Medicine, Trans Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Naarm/Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Eli Ward-SmithDepartment of Medicine, Trans Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Naarm/Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Tomi RugglesDepartment of Medicine, Trans Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Naarm/Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Ada S CheungDepartment of Medicine, Trans Health Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Naarm/Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Anti-trans stigma has escalated globally, yet there is limited empirical evidence examining its mental health impacts on trans populations. Methods: In a May 2024 mixed-methods cross-sectional online survey, trans people aged ≥16 years living in Australia reported the frequency of seven anti-trans stigma experiences in the previous month, including exposure to anti-trans remarks in the news media or online; personal experience of online bullying, harassment or threats; having thought about, seen or heard about anti-trans rhetoric by Australian politicians and high-profile individuals; or anti-trans rallies; or police violence; or international anti-trans legislation and violence. Generalized linear models examined associations between multiple times weekly exposure to each stigma type and anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), self-harm, and suicidality. Inductive thematic analysis was applied to free-text responses. Results: Among 807 respondents, multiple times weekly exposure to all seven forms of anti-trans stigma was associated with a statistically higher prevalence of anxiety, depression, self-harm ideation, and suicide ideation (relative risk (RRs) ranging 1.14 to 2.10). Six stigma types were associated with increased risk of suicide planning (RRs 1.41 to 2.55), and five with increased risk of self-harm (RRs 1.32 to 2.07). Qualitative analysis identified three themes: (1) Navigating exposure to news and social media, (2) Experienced and anticipated anti-trans stigma, and (3) Escalating and inescapable anti-trans stigma. Conclusion: Australian trans communities are frequently exposed to anti-trans stigma, with more frequent exposure associated with a statistically higher prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes. Urgent collaborative responses are required from governments and media platforms to reduce stigma-related harm.

Indexed as

Mental HealthSocial StigmaTransgender PersonsAdolescentAdultAnxietyAustraliaCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansMaleMedia ExposureMiddle AgedSuicidal IdeationSurveys and Questionnairesanti-transdiscriminationgender diversemediamental healthstigmatransgenderviolence

Identifiers

PMID42597283
PMCPMC13468911

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.