ArticleiScience2026
Association of probiotic use with nivolumab efficacy in gastric cancer patients on gastric acid suppressants.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between concomitant probiotic use and the effectiveness of nivolumab in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) receiving gastric acid suppressants (GASs). In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, conducted in Japan, medical records of consecutive patients with advanced GC treated with nivolumab between September 2017 and March 2024 were reviewed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Overall, 249 of the total 416 patients surveyed received GASs. After 1:2 matching, 162 patients were included in this study. The probiotic group showed significantly longer PFS and OS compared to the non-probiotic group (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43-0.87 and HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.99). These hypothesis-generating findings suggest that probiotics may improve the effectiveness of nivolumab in patients with GC taking GASs.
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