ArticleJournal of drug delivery science and technology2026
Long-Term Stabilization of Non-Bovine Milk Exosomes Using Lyophilization: Toward Oral Delivery of PROTAC Therapeutics.
Article in Journal of drug delivery science and technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The clinical translation of exosome-based therapeutics is limited by challenges in long-term storage, stability, and scalability. We developed and optimized a lyophilization protocol to stabilize camel and donkey milk-derived exosomes for oral delivery of ARV-110, a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC). Using 5% trehalose, 5% mannitol, and 2.5% glycine as cryoprotectants, lyophilization preserved exosome integrity, protein content, and expression of key markers (CD63, CD81, TSG101, Alix) during storage at -80°C. Reconstituted exosomes, maintained particle size and zeta potential comparable to fresh preparations. In vitro, ARV-110-loaded lyophilized exosomes showed enhanced cytotoxicity in LLC cells (p < 0.001) and increased transepithelial transport in MDCK assays (p < 0.05). In rats, ARV-110 delivered via lyophilized exosomes achieved a 1.77-fold higher Cmax and 1.73-fold higher AUC
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