Observational studySaudi medical journal2026
Patterns and Determinants of Medication Errors Across the Medication-Use Process:
Observational study in Saudi medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To characterize medication errors across the full workflow and identify stage-specific predictors in a tertiary care setting. Medication errors remain a major global patient safety concern, with limited comprehensive analyses across all stages of the medication-use process in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using medication error reports from Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, between January 2023 and August 2025. Errors were classified by stage and severity using the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention index. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors associated with each stage. Results: A total of 6,546 errors were analyzed. Most occurred during prescribing (65.5%), followed by transcribing (26.5%) and monitoring (4.4%). Incorrect or missing dose was the most common error (38.2%). Ordering-stage incidents accounted for 95.5% of reports. Pharmacists identified 86.3% of errors, and 93.5% did not reach patients (Category B). Antibiotics (32.8%) and cardiovascular medications (22.5%) were most frequently involved. Stage-specific predictors varied, with nurse detection strongly associated with administration-stage errors (odds ratio = 7.10; 95% Confidence Intervals: 2.94-16.9). Conclusion: Prescribing errors predominated, while pharmacists played a key role in error interception. Targeted, system-level interventions addressing prescribing practices and stage-specific risks are essential to improving medication safety.
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