Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42598755›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Regional astrocyte dysregulation and altered glymphatic-related markers in Alzheimer's disease frontal cortex.

Harry Alexopoulos, Xanthippi P Louka, Edoardo Rosario De Natale, Kelly Koutroubi, Lisa Cashmore, Maria T Panayotacopoulou, Ioannis P Trougakos, Heather Wilson, Marios Politis

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In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Harry AlexopoulosDepartment of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-7619
Xanthippi P LoukaDepartment of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Edoardo Rosario De NataleNeurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK.
Kelly KoutroubiDepartment of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Lisa CashmoreNeurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK.
Maria T PanayotacopoulouDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Ioannis P TrougakosDepartment of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Heather WilsonNeurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK.
Marios PolitisNeurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK.

Funding

City Electrical Factors Ltd
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAstrocyte dysfunction is central to Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet expression patterns of astrocytic markers remain poorly defined. We measured Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in post-mortem frontal cortex of AD patients and controls across BrainNet Europe (BNE) stages.

methodsWe assessed marker expression across gray and white matter with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

resultsIn AD, gray-matter AQP4 area-fraction did not differ significantly overall by immunohistochemistry, while a stage-dependent increase emerged by BNE VI in both gray and white matter. AQP4/amyloid-β (Aβ) and AQP4/tau ratios were significantly reduced, consistent with reduced AQP4 retention relative to local proteinopathy burden. GFAP intensity was significantly decreased in both gray and white matter of AD patients, with disorganized peri-plaque morphology in gray matter. DISCUSSION: These findings reveal compartment- and stage-specific astrocytic dysregulation in AD frontal cortex and identify local loss of AQP4 around proteinopathy. They support investigation of astrocyte/glymphatic-related pathways as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAquaporin 4AstrocytesFrontal LobeGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinGlymphatic SystemAgedAged, 80 and overAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersFemaleGray MatterHumansMaletau ProteinsWhite MatterAmyloid beta-PeptidesAQP4 protein, humanAquaporin 4BiomarkersGFAP protein, humanGlial Fibrillary Acidic Proteintau ProteinsAlzheimer's diseaseamyloid‐betaaquaporin‐4astrocyte dysregulationfrontal cortexglial fibrillary acidic proteinglymphatic systemtau proteins

Identifiers

PMID42598755
PMCPMC13474155

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.