Evidence mapPaperPMID 42599581Full record

ArticleAdvances in therapy2026

Costs of Comorbidities and Complications Associated with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective, Cohort Study.

Kendra A Terrell, Maureen J Lage, William J Valentine, Jim S Paik, Kristina S Boye

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Article in Advances in therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kendra A TerrellEli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-0915-3982
Maureen J LageHealthMetrics Outcomes Research, 175 Pine Orchard Road, Branford, CT, 06405, USA. lagemj@hlthmetrics.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-2027
William J ValentineOssian Health Economics and Communications, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-6813
Jim S PaikEli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7134-3519
Kristina S BoyeEli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, 893 S Delaware St, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5953-5929

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionType 2 diabetes (T2D) is often accompanied by complications and comorbidities. This retrospective study used a large medical claims database to examine the annualized, direct costs associated with T2D-related comorbidities and complications among US adults diagnosed with T2D. It also examined excess costs associated with substandard glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥ 7%).

methodsOptum's de-identified Market Clarity Data (Optum

resultsThe study cohort consisted of 108,498 adults, with 50.6% female and average age 66.3 years (standard deviation [SD] = 11.9 years). Results illustrate a substantial burden associated with T2D-related comorbidities. Over half (52.1%) of this cohort of US adults with T2D had three or more comorbidities or complications during the study period, while 22.1% had five or more. The annual, per-person medical costs for these conditions averaged $13,614 and ranged from $5418 (SD = $3598) for knee pain to $23,313 (SD = $11,728) for heart failure. The estimated costs per 100,000 adults with T2D extended from $7.4 million (M) (SD = $8.3M) for severe vision loss/no light perception to $377.4M (SD = $197.9M) for neuropathy. HbA1c above target, compared with HbA1c < 7%, was associated with an additional average annual cost of $5367 per person.

conclusionThe results of this research illustrate potential economic benefits of improving patient comorbidity and complication profiles and achieving HbA1c < 7%. These findings underscore the importance of effective diabetes management strategies that both reduce the risk of complications and alleviate the economic burden on patients and the healthcare system.

Indexed as

ComorbiditiesComplicationsCostsGeneralized linear modelHbA1cType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.