Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42601374›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Childbirth preparation is associated with self-efficacy and the use of non-pharmacological pain relief during labour.

Patrycja Malinowska, Matylda Sierakowska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Patrycja MalinowskaDepartment of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok ul. M. Skłodowskiej - Curie, Białystok, 7 A 15-096, Poland. guzewiczpatrycja@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3546-0659
Matylda SierakowskaDepartment of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok ul. M. Skłodowskiej - Curie, Białystok, 7 A 15-096, Poland.

Funding

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Bialymstoku B.SUB.24.233
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite growing access to prenatal education, many women still report high levels of stress and dissatisfaction with their childbirth experience. Preparing for natural includes prenatal education, physical preparation of the body, and emotional support, which together help reduce anxiety, stress, and pain associated with childbirth. This study aimed to assess the extent of childbirth preparation among pregnant women and to evaluate how preparation impacts perceived stress, use of non-pharmacological pain relief methods, self-efficacy, and childbirth satisfaction. Cross-sectional studies were conducted from June 2023 to February 2024 with a group of 201 pregnant women at the University Clinical Hospital in Białystok in the Delivery Room and the postpartum ward. Participants completed questionnaires before and after birth. The study was conducted by means of a self-designed questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI). No effect of childbirth preparation on perceived satisfaction after childbirth has been found. Women with a higher sense of self-efficacy more frequently used non-pharmacological methods of pain relief during childbirth, performed pelvic floor muscle exercises, used perineal massage, and prepared a birth plan. Childbirth preparation is not related to the mode of birth, but it increases the likelihood of using non-pharmacological methods of pain relief during childbirth. While childbirth preparation improves physical readiness and psychological resilience, satisfaction with childbirth is more strongly influenced by self-efficacy and previous childbirth experiences than by preparation alone. It is important for pregnant women to have access to appropriate sources of support and information, which may have a positive impact upon their birthing experience.

Indexed as

Labor, ObstetricLabor PainPain ManagementParturitionSelf EfficacyAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansPatient SatisfactionPregnancySurveys and QuestionnairesBirth classesBirth satisfactionChildbirth preparationLabour

Identifiers

PMID42601374
PMCPMC13476232

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.