ArticleLaryngoscope investigative otolaryngology2026
Dynamics in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Response to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Article in Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. In cases of continuous positive airway pressure (PAP) failure, hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is a treatment option for OSA but its impact on systemic inflammation to date is unknown. Herein, we investigated changes in cytokines and endothelial markers before and after HNS. Methods: Eighteen adults with moderate or severe OSA underwent fasting blood sample collection before and 6-8 months after HNS implantation. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), C-reactive protein (CRP), and E-selectin were measured using ELISA. Clinical metrics, including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), were assessed. Results: HNS significantly reduced AHI (from 25.9 ± 13.4 to 14.2 ± 10.5) and ESS scores (from 12.6 ± 5.0 to 7.1 ± 4.0). There were significant decreases in VEGF ( Conclusions: In this small cohort, HNS improved OSA severity and was associated with decreases in VEGF and TNF-α while other inflammatory markers were unchanged. Larger, long-term studies are needed to understand the potential of HNS to confer cardiometabolic benefits through reduction of systemic inflammation in OSA.
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