ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Associations of magnesium intake and a magnesium-rich diet score with sarcopenia in middle-aged and older Korean adults: potential mediation by C-reactive protein.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background/objectives: Dietary magnesium, primarily derived from plant foods, has been inconsistently associated with sarcopenia, and the underlying mechanisms have rarely been explored. Although foods and dietary patterns may act synergistically, to our knowledge, no previous study has jointly examined magnesium intake and a magnesium-rich dietary pattern in relation to sarcopenia. We investigated whether dietary magnesium intake and a magnesium-rich diet score were associated with sarcopenia in middle-aged and older Korean adults and whether chronic inflammation might partially mediate these associations. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2022-2024, including 3,830 adults aged ≥50 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. A magnesium-rich diet score was calculated based on the intake of whole grains, nuts and legumes, green leafy vegetables and seaweeds, soymilk, and coffee. Results: After full adjustment for covariates, including diet quality, the highest quartile of magnesium intake (≥351 mg/day for women and ≥442 mg/day for men) was inversely associated with sarcopenia [odds ratio (OR) = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23-0.95], compared with the lowest quartile. The highest quartile of the magnesium-rich diet score was also inversely associated with sarcopenia (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30-0.84), compared with the lowest quartile. The inverse associations were consistently observed for each 100 mg/day increase in magnesium intake and for each 1-point increase in the magnesium-rich diet score. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of chronic inflammation, appeared to partially mediate the association between magnesium intake and greater muscle mass, with a proportion mediated of 7.3%. hsCRP also appeared to partially mediate the associations of the magnesium-rich diet score with greater muscle mass and muscle strength, with proportions mediated of 18.1 and 8.6%, respectively (all Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher magnesium intake and a higher magnesium-rich diet score are associated with lower odds of sarcopenia among middle-aged and older Korean adults and that lower chronic inflammation may partially mediate these associations.
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