ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2026
Normative Reference Values and Cut-Off Points for Nutritional Ultrasound: The VALORES Study.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNutritional ultrasound (NU) enables direct assessment of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, yet population-based reference values and cut-offs remain scarce. We aimed to establish age- and sex-specific normative values for rectus femoris (RF) and abdominal adipose tissue NU measurements in apparently healthy adults.
methodsMulticentre cross-sectional study of 1789 healthy blood donors (842 women, 947 men), aged 18-80 years (mean 41.5 ± 14.9). Standardised NU assessed RF cross-sectional area (CSA), circumference, transverse (X) and anteroposterior (Y) axes, and abdominal and thigh adipose tissue. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and handgrip strength (HGS) were obtained. Age- and sex-specific percentiles were generated across predefined age groups (18-30, 31-45, 46-60 and > 60 years). T-scores for RF parameters were derived from a young reference subgroup aged 18-45 years (n = 1001). Associations with sex, age, body mass index and physical activity were analysed.
resultsAll NU parameters differed significantly by sex (all p < 0.001). Median RF-CSA was 4.60 cm
conclusionsThis study provides the first age- and sex-specific population-based reference values for nutritional ultrasound measurements in an apparently healthy adult Spanish population. These findings support the validity, clinical applicability, and standardisation of nutritional ultrasound for the assessment of muscle mass, with potential utility in the diagnosis of sarcopenia and malnutrition.
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