Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42621239›Full record

ArticleJournal of multimorbidity and comorbidity

Obesity as a risk factor for multimorbidity: a 23-years population-based prospective study.

Jussa-Pekka Välitalo, Paula Pesonen, Jouko Saramies, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Hannu Uusitalo, Julia Lybeck, Esko Hussi, Kadri Suija, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Juha Auvinen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidity. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jussa-Pekka VälitaloResearch Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7224-9910
Paula PesonenInfrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Jouko SaramiesSouth Karelia Wellbeing Services County, Savitaipale, Finland.
Sirkka Keinänen-KiukaanniemiResearch Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Hannu UusitaloSILK, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Julia LybeckInstitute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Esko HussiSouth Karelia Wellbeing Services County, Lappeenranta, Finland.
Kadri SuijaInstitute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Jaakko TuomilehtoDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Juha AuvinenResearch Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Obesity and multimorbidity are increasing challenges for public health. While obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for multimorbidity, evidence commonly comes from cross-sectional studies using body mass index (BMI). Evidence on the body roundness index (BRI), a novel indicator of central obesity, remains limited. Objectives: This study assessed midlife obesity as a risk factor for multimorbidity in a Finnish population cohort during 23 years of follow-up. Methods: A total of 1007 participants born between 1933 and 1956 and living in the Savitaipale municipality were enrolled between 1994 and 1996. Baseline data were collected using questionnaires and clinical examinations. Information on 38 chronic diseases was obtained from health registers. Obesity was assessed using BMI, waist circumference (WC), and BRI. Cox proportional hazards models estimated associations with incident multimorbidity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to derive BMI, WC and BRI thresholds with the best sensitivity-specificity balance. Results: Over 23 years, obesity defined by BMI and WC, as well as higher BRI, was associated with increased multimorbidity risk. Hazard ratios ranged from 1.52 (95% CI: 1.21-1.92) to 2.17 (95% CI: 1.59-2.97) in women and from 2.41 (95% CI: 1.82-3.19) to 2.79 (95% CI: 2.00-3.90) in men, depending on obesity and multimorbidity definitions. ROC-derived thresholds for multimorbidity prediction were: BMI 26.4 in women and 26.1 in men; WC 76.3 cm and 93.3 cm; and BRI 3.41 and 3.70, respectively. Conclusion: This 23-year study highlights midlife obesity as a risk factor for multimorbidity in later life.

Indexed as

body mass indexbody roundness indexmultimorbidityobesitywaist circumference

Identifiers

PMID42621239
PMCPMC13487119

What Socratic holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.