ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Total flavonoids of
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis represents the most common form of kidney stone disease, characterized by limited therapeutic interventions and a high rate of recurrence. Objective: To investigate the anti-lithogenic mechanisms of total flavonoids of Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an ethylene glycol-induced CaOx nephrolithiasis model. The animals received DS treatment (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 1 month. Thereafter, Renal histopathology was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, biochemical parameters such as calcium, inorganic phosphorus, creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels were assessed. Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and autophagy-related proteins were assessed using quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Results: The DS treatment significantly reduced CaOx crystal deposition and the associated renal injury compared to untreated controls. In addition, treated animals demonstrated improved renal function, as evidenced by decreased levels of calcium, creatinine, inorganic phosphorus, and urea nitrogen. Histological examination revealed attenuated renal fibrosis and improved kidney morphology. Mechanistic investigations have indicated that the administration of DS is linked to the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, processes that are disrupted by the formation of kidney stones and urinary obstruction. Conclusion: The DS significantly mitigate CaOx nephrolithiasis by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. This finding highlights its traditional therapeutic application and suggests its potential development as a phytotherapeutic agent for the prevention of kidney stones.
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