SynthesisFrontiers in psychology2026
Effectiveness of virtual reality based intervention on core symptoms and cognitive functions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of virtual reality (VR)-based interventions on core symptoms and cognitive function, and to examine their effectiveness for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including Embase, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, The Cochrane Library, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, from their inception up to May 2026. The search aimed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of VR on core symptoms and cognitive function in patients with ADHD. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was employed to assess the quality of the literature, while the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB-2) was used to evaluate the overall risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) profiler method was utilized to further assess the quality of evidence. Meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias testing were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 and Stata 18.0 software. Effect sizes were calculated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: 23 RCTs with 1,102 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that VR interventions significantly reduced core ADHD symptoms [inattention: SMD = -0.80, 95% CI (-1.13, -0.48), Conclusion: VR interventions significantly reduce core ADHD symptoms and improve cognitive functions, with differential dose-response patterns. Optimal protocols differ between symptoms and cognitive outcomes. VR represents a promising complementary approach for ADHD, pending confirmation through high-quality, long-term RCTs. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier PROSPERO (CRD420261340074).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.