ArticleBMC oral health2026
Association between self-reported oral health issues and autoimmune diseases: evidence from UK biobank.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOral microbiome dysbiosis may contribute to autoimmune disease development, but epidemiological evidence linking oral health and autoimmune disease risk is limited.
objectivesTo evaluate the association between self-reported oral health issues by questionnaire-defined as the presence of painful or bleeding gums, mouth ulcers, toothache, dentures, or loose teeth-and the risk of incident autoimmune diseases in the UK Biobank cohort. MATERIALS AND
methodsIndividuals reporting any oral health issues (painful/bleeding gums, mouth ulcers, toothache, dentures, and loose teeth) were classified as any self-reported oral health issues; others as no self-reported oral health issues. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for any autoimmune diseases and 39 types of autoimmune diseases using Cox regression models with Bonferroni correction. We investigated associations of the type and number of self-reported oral health issues with autoimmune diseases.
resultsAmong 451,404 participants (mean age: 56.4 years, 54.2% female), any self-reported oral health issues (N = 177,198; 39.3%) were associated with an increased risk of any autoimmune diseases (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.09-1.14). Painful gums showed the strongest association (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.31-1.47), followed by mouth ulcers (1.23, 1.18-1.27) and toothache (1.21, 1.15-1.27). Risk increased with the number of self-reported oral health issues (per 1-issue increase: HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.08-1.11, P-trend < 0.001). For specific autoimmune disease, primary biliary cholangitis (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24-2.19), rheumatism (1.48, 1.23-1.77), lichen planus (1.35, 1.15-1.57), Sjögren's disease (1.30, 1.11-1.52), pernicious anemia (1.28, 1.12-1.46), rheumatoid arthritis (1.18, 1.12-1.26), and psoriasis (1.16, 1.07-1.26) were identified.
conclusionsSelf-reported oral health issues were associated with an increased risk of incident autoimmune diseases, suggesting that oral health indicators may serve as clinically relevant markers of autoimmune disease risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.