ArticleCureus2026
Assessment of the Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors in a Rural Community in Gwalior District, India.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHypertension is a major non-communicable disease and a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Its burden is increasing in rural India due to rapid lifestyle and epidemiological transitions.
objectivesThis study aims to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among adults in a rural community in Gwalior district.
methodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to April 2024 among 360 adults selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic, dietary, and behavioral factors. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded using standard procedures. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg or current antihypertensive treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test.
resultsAmong 360 participants, 152 (42.2%) were aged 36-50 years and 180 (50.0%) were male. Hypertension was present in 139 (38.6%) participants, including stage 1 hypertension in 100 (27.8%) and stage 2 hypertension in 39 (10.8%). Pre-hypertension was observed in 106 (29.4%), while 115 (31.9%) had normal blood pressure. Overweight and obesity were found in 119 (33.1%) and 65 (18.1%) participants, respectively. Increased waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were observed in 162 (45.0%) and 157 (43.6%) participants, respectively. Extra salt intake was reported by 212 (58.9%), smoking by 99 (27.5%), alcohol consumption by 106 (29.4%), and smokeless tobacco use by 120 (33.3%) participants. Significant associations were found between hypertension and male sex, overweight/obesity, excess salt intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, and family history of hypertension (p < 0.05).
conclusionHypertension and pre-hypertension affected over two-thirds of the study population. Targeted screening, lifestyle modification, dietary interventions, and strengthened primary healthcare services are needed for early detection and prevention of hypertension.
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