SynthesisFrontiers in nutrition2026
Prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in elderly patients with diabetes are unclear, a knowledge gap that this meta-analysis aimed to explore. Methods: Studies published in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, EBSCO, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Sinomed databases from 1 January 2010, to 31 December 2024 were searched using the following terms with a combination of subject headings and free text: "diabetes," "malnutrition," "prevalence," "risk factors," "associated factor," and "influencing factor." Age filters (age ≥ 60 years) were applied where available. All retrieved studies were manually screened for age criteria. The term "elderly" was not used as a search term to avoid missing studies that enrolled older adults without mentioning "elderly" in the title or abstract. Cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software. Results: This meta-analysis included 30 studies involving 12,564 cases from 9 countries (namely China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, Turkey, Nigeria, Spain, Brazil, and India). Based on 21 studies, the overall prevalence rate of malnutrition in elderly patients with diabetes was 29% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19-0.39). The analysis of 20 studies revealed that the prevalence rate of high malnutrition risk was 42% (95% CI: 0.31-0.53). This study identified 14 risk factors for malnutrition in elderly patients with diabetes. Conclusion: This meta-analysis improved our understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in elderly patients with diabetes. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251034655, identifier CRD420251034655.
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