ArticleSurgery today2026
Surgical training outcomes of female versus male surgeons in Japan.
Article in Surgery today, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo compare the surgical training outcomes of female versus male surgeons in Japan.
methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a nationwide online questionnaire survey from 2023, targeting newly certified surgical trainees in Japan.
resultsAmong 757 respondents, 194 (25.6%) self-reported being female. Female trainees were less likely to be married (57% vs. 80%) or have children (25% vs. 48%), and more likely to have a full-time working spouse (85% vs. 42%). Subspecialty preferences differed, with breast surgery favored by female surgeons (34%) and gastrointestinal surgery favored by male surgeons (59%). The number of surgeries performed under general anesthesia, academic papers published, and training program satisfaction did not differ. However, female trainees reported fewer monthly night shifts (median 4 vs. 5, p < 0.01), lower annual incomes (7.57 million vs. 9.82 million JPY, p < 0.01), and that they were more likely to work fewer than 80 monthly overtime hours (41% vs. 31%, p = 0.02), with these gaps being more prominent among those with children.
conclusionFemale and male surgical trainees performed similar numbers of operations under general anesthesia, had similar numbers of academic publications, and had similar levels of training satisfaction. However, the gaps in working hours and salary remain concerning issues requiring further investigation and action.
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Identifiers
42640322What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.