ArticleSignal transduction and targeted therapy2026
All-trans retinoic acid suppresses CD8
Article in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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19 authors.
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Abstract
Terminal exhaustion of CD8⁺ T cells limits the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), particularly in glioblastoma, which is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, a better understanding of the regulators of terminal exhaustion could overcome intrinsic resistance to ICB and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study, we report that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) suppresses CD8⁺ T-cell terminal exhaustion. The administration of ATRA during CD8⁺ T-cell activation in vitro conferred resistance to terminal exhaustion and preserved effector cytokine production and effector function. Mechanistically, ATRA selectively induced the expression of the long isoform of T-cell factor 1 (TCF-1
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