Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42643341›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Spatial transcriptomics and histopathological analyses reveal potential biomarkers and immune features linked to recurrence in head and neck cancer.

Chameera Ekanayake Weeramange, Yibi Chen, Kym-Mai Nguyen, Xi Zhang, Gunter Hartel, Andrew Causer, Onkar Mulay, Prakrithi Pavithra, Pui Yeng Lam, Jazmina Gonzalez Cruz and 6 more

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Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Chameera Ekanayake Weeramange *Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Yibi Chen *Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Kym-Mai Nguyen *Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Xi Zhang *Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Gunter HartelStatistics Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Andrew CauserInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Onkar MulayInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Prakrithi PavithraInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Pui Yeng LamInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Jazmina Gonzalez CruzFrazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Sarju VasaniFaculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Lizbeth KennyFaculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Touraj TaheriFaculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Omar BreikFaculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Quan NguyenInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Chamindie PunyadeeraSaliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are aggressive malignancies, with recurrence contributing substantially to poor patient outcomes. We used spatial transcriptomics to identify tumour and immune features associated with recurrence. Methods: Pathologist-annotated tumour and stromal regions from recurrent and non-recurrent HNC samples were analysed using spatially resolved transcriptomics. Exploratory differential expression analysis was used to nominate tumour-associated candidate markers for recurrence. Selected candidates were assessed by immunohistochemistry and further evaluated using independent spatial transcriptomic and bulk RNA-sequencing cohorts. Immune-cell abundance and spatial co-localisation were also examined. Results: Discussion: Spatial transcriptomics identified tumour-intrinsic and immune microenvironmental features associated with HNC recurrence. PAEP emerged as the most reproducible candidate biomarker across internal and external cohorts and may be associated with reduced B-cell and plasma-cell infiltration. These findings support further validation of PAEP and related immune signatures for recurrence-risk stratification and personalised treatment.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorHead and Neck NeoplasmsNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansSpatial TranscriptomicsTranscriptomeTumor MicroenvironmentBiomarkers, Tumorbiomarkershead and neck cancerspatial transcriptomicstumor microenvironmenttumor recurrence

Identifiers

PMID42643341
PMCPMC13503330

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.